|
|
The Power of the Program
|

|
When Geochem-EZ analyzes a solution it generates several output tables, according to the user's selection. This allows the output to be considered in a number of ways and it increases the power of the analysis. Consider the ways that the output data are shown in the Case Progress and the Primary Distribution tables. Shown below is the Case Progress Output Table for a Yoshida's Rice Nutrient solution, pH 4.0, with 1.1 mM Al (30ppm) added. Solids were allowed to precipitate for this analysis. This output table compares the amount added originally (Total Conc) to what is actually available in solution (Free Activity). What one sees from comparing the total Al concentration with its free activity is that the majority of Al (III)is not free in solution. Much of the aluminum has complexed with sulfate (see the bottom of the table- Solids). Iron (III) is complexing phosphate, so, as a result of these two interactions, both sulfate and phosphate are lowered in the nutrient solution. Conversely, Fe (III) and Al (III) are limited dramatically by their interaction with phosphate and sulfate, respectively. This did not happen in the control solution analysis because Al did not affect the chemistry. Ideally, the treatment solution should only vary in one parameter (Al) relative to the control solution in order to assess its effects on plant growth. This is not the case when comparing these two solutions. Thus, the treatment solution (30 ppm Al) and the control solution are not similar at all in these respects. |

The Primary Distribution Table shows how a particular ion interacts with the other ions in this Yoshida's solution with Al. For example, citrate (Citr) has complexed almost completely with
Al(III). Citrate was added to chelate the Fe (III), so that it would be available to the plants, but that is not happening due to citrate’s stronger interaction with Al (III). As such, citrate is not chelating the Fe(III) and the iron is more available to react with phosphate. However, with a basic Yoshida’s nutrient solution (no Al) and thus, no competition for anions by Al, seventy-five percent of the Fe(III) is chelated with citrate and it interacts less with phosphate.The addition of a better iron (III) chelate or more citrate would help to solve this problem. Geochem-EZ is a valuable tool to optimize your experimental solutions. |

Go To The Top of the Page
|